Ecological footprint refers to humans’ impact on our planets resources. Comparing human demand to the ability of nature to regenerate, ecological footprint measures humanity’s needs. In recent years, ecological footprint has emerged as an important matrix for quantifying sustainability. A subset of ecological footprint, carbon footprint is a measure of the amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted by an organization, product or event. The measure of the environmental impact of a given product or service is also known as life-cycle analysis.
Ecological Footprint
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) publishes humanity’s ecological footprint annually. Conceived in the 1990′s by Mathis Wackernagel and William Rees at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada, ecological footprint has emerged as the premier measure of the pressure exerted by humans on nature’s resources. The total ecological footprint of humans in 2005 was estimated at 1.3 earth’s, meaning it would take 1.3 planet earth’s to sustain human needs. Ecological footprint measures human demands for earth’s resources against the planet’s ability to regenerate and sustain those resources for the future. The World Wildlife Federation (WWF), meanwhile, claims that the human footprint has exceeded available natural resources by more than 20 percent.
By assessing a population’s ecological footprint, it is hoped that it will lead to better, more sustainable practices. By comparing how fast humans consume resources and produce waste to how fast nature can regenerate resources and absorb our waste using current technology, we can hope to use our resources in more environmentally sustainable ways as well as prevent over-consumption. The Global Ecological Footprint Network provides more details on the accounting methods used to calculate ecological footprint. The total ecological footprint is measured as a combination of six factors: carbon footprint, grazing footprint, fishing ground footprint, forest footprint, cropland footprint as well as built-up land.

World Map of Countries by Ecological Footprint
The image above shows countries shaded by their ecological footprint in 2005. Lighter shades denote countries with lower ecological footprints while darker shaded countries have higher ecological footprints.
Reducing Ecological Footprint
The task of reducing humanity’s ecological footprint is both daunting and imperative. If we continue to use resources faster than nature’s ability to regenerate, it will ultimately lead to an unsustainable future. While improving technology will help offset humanity’s demand on nature, individuals as well as organizations must do their part in reducing our ecological footprint. Recycling and reducing our energy use will help lessen our needs. Furthermore, utilizing environmentally friendly products and sustainable life-practices, we can help bring our ecological footprint more in line with earth’s ability to regenerate.